AN GAOḊAL
31
"A nation which allows her language to go to ruin, is
parting with the best half of her intellectual independence,
and testifies to her willingness to cease to exist." — ARCH¬
BISHOP TRENCH.
"The Green Isle contained for more centuries than one,
more learning than could have been collected from the rest
of Europe ... It is not thus rash to say that the IRish
possess contemporary histories of their country, written in
the language of the people, from the fifth century. No
other nation of modern Europe is able to make a similar
boast." — SPALDING'S ENGLISH LITERATURE, APPLETON & CO.,
NEW YORK.
Who are the Scotch? A tribe of Irish Scots who crossed
over in the 6th century, overcome the natives, and gave
their name to the country. — J. CORNWELL, PH.D., F. R. S.'s
Scotch History.
The Saxons Ruled in England from the 5th century and
were so rude that they had no written language until the
14th, when the Franco-Normans formulated the English. —
SPALDING.
A monthly Journal devoted to the Cultivation
and Preservation of the Irish Language and
the autonomy of the Irish Nation.
Published at 247 Kosciusko st., Brooklyn. N. Y
M. J. LOGAN, - - - Editor and Proprietor
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Entered at the Brooklyn P. O. as 2nd-class matte
Sixteenth Year of Publication.
VOL 12. No. 3 JUNE. 1897
Remember that the First Irish Book is given free
of charge to every new subscriber.
Subscribers will please remember that subscrip¬
tions are due in advance.
Owing to pressure on our space,
several matters are laid over until
next issue, including Goillís na n-
gCos Duḃ, Luitpold bHon Iis, Vocab¬
ulary, and very interesting sugges¬
tions by Mr John M Tierney, San
Juan, South America, who sent
the Gael his bi-annual donation of
£1. We give the Gaḃar Donn con¬
siderable space for, not like Moore
who "bowed his neck beneath the
galling yoke," the Satan sings act¬
ion and confidence in the result of
its united and energetic power.
Irishmen everywhere should buy
and circulate the Gael.
Gaels should be proud of the re¬
sult of their work, for we have ex¬
cellent Gaelic news all over.
SIMPLE LESSONS IN IRISH.
FOURTH SERIES, — Written for the GAEL
By
Rev. Eugene O'GROWNEY.
PROF. OF KELTIC.
LESSON XI.
THE SECOND DECLENSION.
105. All words of this declension
are of the FEMININE gender, except im,
butter.
The genitive case singular is form¬
ed by adding -e to the nominative sin¬
gular.
Most words ending in a consonant or
consonants, preceded by e or i, belong
to this declension.
Example:
106.
Singular.
N. A. carraig a rock.
Gen. carraige (kor'-ig-e) of a rock
Dat. carraig (to) a rock.
Voc. a ċarraig (CHor-), o rock !
Plural.
N. A. carraige, rocks.
Gen. carraig, of rocks.
Dat. carraigiḃ (to), rocks.
Voc. carraige, o rocks.
There are, we see, three forms; car¬
raig, carraige, carraigiḃ.
THE ARTICLE
107. With all feminine nouns, the
article has the form na in the whole
plural as with masculine nouns, but in
the singular it has also na in the gen¬
itive case, and an in the other cases of
the singular; as, na carraige, of the
rock (the same form also means "the
rocks'), na gcarraig (gor'-ig) of the
rocks.
108. Words beginning with a vow-
