106
AN GAOḊAL.
GRAIMEUR GAEḊILGE-
BUNAḊAS-
AN T-ALT.
Ní'l aċt aon alt aṁáin anns an
Teanga Ġaeḋilge, an cinteaċ "an." Is
ionan é agus an t-alt cinteaċ "the” a
m-béarla Sacsain. Aṫruiġṫear "an"
do "na" roiṁ ainmneaċaiḃ dúbalta;
air an áḋḃar sin is sé "na" an t-alt
dúbalta; mar, na fir, na cosa.
Deuntar úsáide de 'n alt dúbalta
roiṁ ainmnaeaċaiḃ singil anns an gcás
geinte beanḋa; mar, bróg na coise
deise — cos, cás gairmneaċ; coise, cás
geinte.
Coiṁeasgṫar agus giorruiġṫear an
t-alt go coitċíonnta le foclaiḃ eile;
mar, "san" m-bealaċ ; no fós níos gior¬
raḋ, "sa" m-bealaċ. Air na h-ócáidiḃ
seo, tá sé coiṁeasgṫaḋ leis an ḟréiṁ-
ḟocal a ṫeiḋeas roiṁe; tá "san m-beal-
aċ” agus "sa m-bealaċ" giorruiġṫe ó
anns an m-bealaċ. Tóigeann an reiṁ-
ḟocal ann" s ann a ḋiaiġ nuair a ṫig-
eas sé air a b-puinte roiṁ an alt.
Teilgṫear go minic an t- "ann" a leig
mar a tá taisbeánta ṡuas, agus mar
ġramuiġeas an t-s agus an t-alt, no
roinn de 'n alt, le ċéile, deanan sé min¬
iuġaḋ an dá ḟocail.
AN T-AINM.
Glaoiġtear Ainm air ainm éin niḋ a
ḃ-feudṫar smuainiuġaḋ air.
Roinntear an t-Ainm ann a ḋá ċin¬
eál, speisialta agus coitċíonnta, mar
taid sa m-béarla Sacsain. Glaoiġtear
ainm speisialta air niḋ naċ ḃ-fuil coit-
ċionta ann féin ; Séamus, Bail'-áṫ-ċliaṫ
an Siur; Glaoiġtear ainm coitċíonnta
air niḋ a tá coitċíonnta ann féin, mar
cailín, caṫair, aṁain.
Fearta an anma. — tá feart geint-
eaċ, uiḃreaċ, pearsanaċ agus cásaċ
aig an ainm; tá feart geinte aige ó
ṫaisbeánas sé gné; uiḃreaċ ó ṫainbeán¬
as sé singleaċt no dúbaltaċt; pear-
sanaċt ó ṫaisbeánas sé baint an anma
de ' ṗearsain, agus cásaċ ó ṫaisḃeánas
sé baint an anma do 'n ḃriaṫar, do 'n
reiṁ-ḟocal, agus do ainmeaċaiḃ eile.
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
SECOND PART:
ETYMOLOGY
THE ARTICLE.
There is only one article in the Irish
language, the definite an. It corres-
ponds to the English definite, “the."
An becomes na before plural nouns,
an, therefore, is the plural form ; as,
na fir, the men, na cosa, the feet
The plural form of the article is u¬
sed before a singular noun feminine in
the Genitive case: as, bróg na coise
deise, the shoe of the right foot; cos,
nominative; coise, genitive singular.
The Article is often contracted and
compounded with other words, thus. —
san m-bealaċ, in the way; or, shorter
still, sa m-bealaċ. In such cases it is
compounded with the preposition com-
ing before it; san m-bealaċ and sa m-
bealaċ are contractions of anns an m-
bealaċ, in the way. ann, the preppos¬
tion “in,” takes an s after it when it
immediately precedes the article.
Sometimes, as above indicated, the
ann is entirely omitted, and the s, co¬
alescing with the article, or a part of
it, expresses both.
THE NOUN
is the name of any person, place or
thing, and is divided into two classes,
Proper and Common.
Proper noun is a name given to on-
ly one of a class or object; as, James,
Dublin, the Siur. Common noun is a
name given to any one of a class of ob¬
jects; as, girl, city, river.
Nouns have Attributes of Gender,
Number, Person and Case. A noun has
the attribute of Gender from its ex-
pressing sex: the attribute of Number
by expressing unity or plurality; of
Person from its expressing the relation
of the noun to the speaker: and of
Case by its expressing the relation of
the noun to some verb, preposition, or
other noun.
