AN GAOḊAL.
313
LESSONS IN GAELIC.
THE GAELIC ALPHABET.
Irish.
Roman.
Sound.
Irish.
Roman.
Sound.
a
a
aw
m
m
emm
b
b
bay
n
n
enn
c
c
kay
o
o
oh
d
d
dhay
p
p
pay
e
e
ay
r
r
arr
f
f
eff
s
s
ess
g
g
gay
t
t
thay
i
i
ee
u
u
oo
l
l
ell
XIVI. LESSON. —
The relative pronouns are — a, who,
which, what; noċ, who, which; who
not, which-not. These are all indec¬
linable ; and cause, when nominative
case the initial aspirable consonant of
the verb to be affected by aspiration.
The particle do, sign of the past
tense, has the force of a relative pro¬
noun: as, daoine treuna do fuair
mór-ċáil anns an t-sean-aimsir, brave
men who obtained renown in the old¬
en time. In this sentence there is ap¬
parently no relative nominative case
to fuair, and accordingly, do, which
immediately precedes it, is regarded
in this and such cases, as a relative.
But sentences of this form are really
elliptical, and can be filled up, as in
the present instance, thus: daoine
treuna "noċ" do fuair mór-ċáil anns
an t-sean-aimsir.
The interrogative pronouns are —
cia, who; ca, what, where; cad, what
as, cad é; what (is) it? creud, what,
what thing; compounded of cad, what,
and reud, thing
OBS. 1. — Such English sentences
as — "who am I? who is he? what is
it? what is the matter? what was the
matter? is it he? is it not he? it is
not he; — this is the man" — are trans¬
lated into Irish by omitting the verb,
is, are, am, was — cia mise? cia ṡé?
ċad ṡé an niḋ? an ṡe? (is it he)? naċ
ṡé? ní ṡé, (it is) not he; so ṡé an
fear.
VOCABULARY.
Adam. Áḋaṁ (aw-oo). Alone, only,
aṁáin; (solitary) aonar from aon,
one, and fear, a man. Altho', ce, giḋ
and ciḋ; (as it were, the verb ciḋ,
seeing that Angel, aingeal. Anger,
fearg. Always, síor, go síor; go síor
perpetually; go bráṫ, ever, till the day
of (braṫ.) judgment; go buan, lasting¬
ly; go h-eug, till (eug) death; ever, a
riaṁ, ever, referring to time past; a g¬
coṁnuiġe, (from coṁnuiġ, abide thou)
always, abidingly; ever, go deo, till
the last (deo) breath, ever; go deoiġ,
till the (deoig) end, always, ever. Au¬
thor, uġdar. Beginning, tús tusaċ,
and tosaċ; tuiseaċ, a leader or duke;
tusuiġ, begin; tosuġaḋ (the act of) com¬
mencing. Covetousness, saint. Create,
cruṫuiġ, from cruṫ, shape, form. Dis¬
praise, dio-ṁol, from di or diṫ, want
of, and mol, praise; cáin, to dispraise;
dioṁol, is to give negative praise;
cáin, to give actual dispraise: "Ná mol
& ná cáin ṫú féin, do not praise and do
not dispraise yourself. Envy, tnúṫ.
Eve, Eḃa. Gluttony, craos; craosán,
craoisín, and craosánaċ, a glutton;
craos-ól, drinking to excess; craos-
slugaḋ, (from craos, and slugaḋ, to
swallow) to eat greedily; croiseaċ, a
spear which, as it were, eats up the
flesh. Illumine, redden, blush, ignite,
light, las; light, lonraḋ, soilsiuġaḋ,
dealraḋ. Kingdom, riġeaċt, from riġ
a king, and eaċt, a state, condition, an
achievement. Might, cuṁaċt; mighty,
cuṁaċtaċ; Almighty, uile-ċuṁaċtaċ.
Moralist, oide; deáġ-oide. Parents,
aṫair, máṫair; first parents, ceap-sinn¬
sior, from ceap, head, chief, and sinn¬
sior, elder, progenitor (from sinne, el¬
der, and fear, man). Pride, uaḃar (as
from ua, issue, and bárr, superiority,
excellence); cia an niḋ uaḃar, what is
pride? See, feuċ! I see, feicim. Self,
féin; myself, mé-féin; thyself, tú-féin.
Seven, seaċt. Sin, peacaḋ, Sloth, leisg
Source, príoṁ-áḋḃar, bun, tobar. Ton¬
gue, teanga. Vanity, dioṁaoin, and
dioṁaoineas (from di, wanting, and
maoin, substance), baosie; baois, wan¬
